thank you very much Marcus. i appreciate your assistance and the explanation (i thought the transparent parts of the ZSphere was another bug like the “Show Sketch” bug, and therefore ignored it).
i do hope the developers can make ZBrush’s skinning failure more graceful. if it basically gave me a message like “[insert what you said above], please adjust your model accordingly and try skinning again,” that would be a lot easier to deal with (and cause less people to ask you about it, because i can’t imagine i’m the first… right? :lol: ).
but now i can get back to it, so thanks very much! 
PS: thanks extra for the adjusted ZTL file 