Then I’m really wondering how you started your project because, no offense intended, I can’t help wonder if you didn’t overlook a few details when starting. ZBrush doesn’t necessarily behave like other tools so it’s easy to overlook some obvious details:
Once you added a primitive form and you want to sculpt it the first thing to do is to convert it into a polymesh, you can do that with the option in the tools pallete; by default this is visible on the right side of your screen.
After that you can use the divide button to subdivide. I marked that as well, you just need to expand the Geometry section.
However… you also mentioned adaptive size? So you were able to divide?
This is why it’s important to try and share as many details as you can, that might help others to find the cause of your problems. Just mentioning that things “don’t work” isn’t very descriptive because it gives us no information to work with.
See, changing the AdaptiveSize isn’t a guarantee for success. In fact, as far as I understand this setting, setting this too high can even have negative effects. So I can’t help wonder if that’s what happened on your end? Not to mention all the other settings you have at your disposal, what did you do with those?
On another note… “One of the cool kids?”
The most important part here is to get your work done; you shouldn’t focus on how others are doing it but instead find the workflow that’s best suited for you. I know this may sound a bit cliché, sorry, but I’ve heard such comments one too many times (within the fields of 3D modelling but specifically digital audio); and it often indicates a flaw in the workflow somewhere.
Don’t try to mimic others. Instead, try to find a method of working that best suits you. As always: what works for me doesn’t have to work for you and vice versa.
But I can tell you one thing: ZBrush is perfectly capable to take a project from the start to the finish.