ZBer2 is correct that the most common reason a mesh disintegrates with Dynamesh is because the geometry is overly thin or 2d. Once a mesh begins to disintegrate in an area, subsequent Dynameshes will make the problem progressively worse.
I also agree it’s not immediately apparent from this screenshot what has happened here. We would need to know much more about your process and the geometry prior to the Dynamesh operation. There might be something problematic about the geometry. If you’re working with scan data, this is entirely possible.
Dynamesh wants a closed volume with thickness to work. Your mesh here appears to be a closed volume with plenty of thickness. If the mesh was actually a shell and the inner and outer surfaces were too close together, this might explain what I’m seeing.
It would be valuable to me as well to understand what has gone wrong with your mesh here. If you have a copy of the mesh immediately prior to the Dynamesh operation that caused this effect and you are willing to provide it, go to Pixologic Support and start a Conversation. Describe the situation or link back to this thread. Mark your issue “Attn: Spyndel” and upload your tool file. We’ll have a look at it.
Good luck! 