Well when I draw, I occasionally do sketch a skeleton, but much more frequently I begin a drawing with what I consider to be the most prominent forms and lines of the body, and construct up from that.
I think the same is true of the drawings and models of many other people too. You create the basic form, and add details for the most prominent features. You draw the muscles, where they are primary, and place knobs for the kneecaps, elbows and such where the bones show through the skin.
I’ll conceed that many people’s drawing style derives as much from superhero comics as from art and medical anatomy references, but I think that a lot of people are starting to move to a more naturalistic subject matter, as the tools (Zbrush prominently) are now capable of it and people realize that it takes much more skill.
Another thing I thought of that I had neglected to mention earlier is that it is very difficult to animate a fat character, or someone with thick or stubby limbs. The influence of the bones is much easier to set up if the character is lean. And its better not to have to figure out how to make the two parts of the limb squish against each other as they do in real life when a joint is fully bent. The ideal is something like Jack the Great Pumpkin King. But I think most people settle for a compromise of a generic skinny character.