That’s not quite correct. Both programs have an officlal maximum of 80 million polygons per subtool. The upper limit per subtool is set in the Preferences > Mem menu. If you are trying to import, or trying to subdivide a model that will result in a mesh greater than this specified limit, it will fail.
However, as the 32 bit version of Zbrush is limited to utilizing 4gb of memory, and the 64 bit version is not limited in ram usage to any practical extent, whether you could actually hit that limit in the 32 bit program before it becomes unstable is pretty much impossible. With enough ram in the 64 bit version you can easily hit that limit.
Dividing a mesh with 18 million polygons in 64 bit zbrush will result in a mesh with 72 million polygons. Dividing a mesh with 21 million polygons will fail, because it would result in a mesh that is over the 80 million polygon per subtool limit (subdivision multiplies by a factor of four).
You are still bound by system capability. Just because you can subdivide to 80 million polygons, doesn’t mean you have a system that can comfortably manage working on that burden. You can still experience instability after a certain point.
The great benefit in working on 64 bit Zbrush is not the ability to manage infinite polycounts per tool, but the ability to more comfortably manage huge files with many tools, subtools, and undo histories. Assuming enough ram, you can much more comfortably accommodate files with a cumulative hundreds of millions of polygons across multiple subtools.
I can’t speak as to what might be going on in the OP’s situation, sorry.